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179 answers across CBSE, ICSE, and State boards — Class 1 to 12, every subject.

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HistoryClass 7All

Name popular saint –poets of Maharashtra.

Ans. They focused on the Vitthala (a form of Vishnu) in temple in Pandharpur and the notion that personal god is residing in hearts of all people. They rejected the idea of all forms of ritualism, outward display of piety and social differences based on birth. They even rejected the idea of renunciation and preferred to live woth their families like other persons and served human beings.

HistoryClass 7All

What Were the teachings of the saints of Marashtra?

Ans. The Virashaivas argued that Brahmanical ideas about caste and the treatment of women were wrong. They were against all forms of ritual and idol worship.

HistoryClass 7All

Who started Virashaiva movement?

Ans. The Virashaiva movement was started by Basavanna and his companions like Allama Prabhu and Akkamahadevi. This movement began in Karnataka in the mid-twelfth century.

HistoryClass 7All

What were the teachings of Ramanuja?

Ans. Ramanuja was born in Tamil Nadu in the eleventh century. He was deeply influenced by the Alvars. He advocated that the best means of attaining salvation was through intense devotion to Vishnu. He believed that Vishnu helped devotee to attain the bliss of union with him. He propounded the doctrine of Vishistadavita or qualified oneness in that the soul remained in distinct even after its union with the god. Later his teachings inspired the bhakti cult in North India.

HistoryClass 7All

Write a note on Shankara and his teachings.

Ans. Shankara was one of the most popular religious philosophers of India born in Kerala and advocated the concept of Advaita of the doctrine of oneness of the individual soul and the supreme god. He believed that only Brahman was the ultimate reality which was formless and without any attributes. He considered the world as maya or an illusion. He preached renunciation of the world and adoption of the a path of knowledge to understand the true nature of Brahman and attain salvation .

HistoryClass 7All

What is hagiographies?

Ans. Religious biographies saints are called hagiographies.

HistoryClass 7All

What was the main contribution of the Chola and Pandya kings for the growth of the Bhakti movement?

Ans. Between the tenth and twelfth centuries the Chola and the Pandyas built many temples around many of the shrines where the saint- poets visited. It strengthened the links between the bhakti tradition and temple worship.

HistoryClass 7All

How many Alvars were there and name some of famous Alvars?

Ans. There were 12 Alvars .The best known Alvars were Periyalvar and his daughter Anadal, Tondaradippodi Alvar and Nammalvar. Their songs were compiled in the Divya Prabandham.

HistoryClass 7All

Name some of famous Nayanars.

Ans. Appar, Sundarar, Sambandar and Manikkavasagar were some of the famous Nayanars.

HistoryClass 7All

Write a note on the professional backgrounds of Nayanars.

Ans. There were 63 Nayanars. They belonged to different caste backgrounds and profession. Some of them were from potter, peasants, hunters, soldiers, Brahmanas and chief.

HistoryClass 7All

Where did Alvars and Nayanars get the ideals of love and the concept of heroism from?

Ans. Alvars and Nayanars got the ideals of love and heroism from the Sangam literature composed during the early centuries of the Common Era and blended with the values of Bhakti. The Nayanars went from place to place composing songs and singing them and set them as music in major temples of the villages.

HistoryClass 7All

What was the approach of Alvars and Nayanars towards the Buddhists and the Jainas?

Ans. Alvars and Nayanars were critical of the Buddhists and Jainas and were teaching the path of Shiva and Vishnu as the path of salvation.

HistoryClass 7All

To Whom were Alvars and Nayanars devoted?

Ans. During the seventh and ninth centuries new religious movements were led by the saints called the Nayanars who were devoted to Shiva and Alvars who were devoted to Vishnu.

HistoryClass 7All

Write about the emergence of new religious movements during the seventh and ninth centuries.

Ans. During the seventh and ninth centuries, new religious movements emerged. Those religious movements were led by religious leaders from different castes including untouchable castes such as the Pulaiyar and the Panars.

HistoryClass 7All

When did local myths become the part of the Puranic stories?

Ans. When gods and goddesses were identified with Shiva, the local myths and legends became part of the Puranic stories and the methods of worships introduced in the Puranas were followed for the local gods and goddesses.

HistoryClass 7All

What were major deities worshipped by the people during the Common Era?

Ans. Shiva, Vishnu and Durga were major deities worshipped by the people during this period.

HistoryClass 7All

Why DID people turn to Buddhism and Jainism during this period?

Ans. Many people were not satisfied with the notion that noble and high caste of human beings come by birth that was why most of people started following Buddhism and Jainism. These two religions helped them overcome this notion.

HistoryClass 7All

What was the belief about the birth and noble of human beings?

Ans. The belief was that all h8man being were not equal by birth.

HistoryClass 7All

Which states were carved out of the old Mughal provinces in the eighteenth century?

Answer: Awadh, Bengal and Hyderabad were carved out of the old Mughal provinces in the eighteenth century. All three states were founded by members of the high Mughal nobility who had been governors of large provinces – Sa‘adat Khan (Awadh), Murshid Quli Khan (Bengal) and Asaf Jah (Hyderabad).

HistoryClass 7All

Why did the peasants and zamindars revolted in many parts of northern and western India?

Answer: A number of reasons were responsible for the revolts: Pressures of mounting taxes. Attempts by powerful chieftains to consolidate their own positions.

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