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HistoryClass 6All

Why was it difficult to hunt animals and gather plant produce in the early times?

Answer: The early man faced a lot of problems while hunting animals and gathering plant produce. Some of them are as follows: Many of the animals that were hunted were strong and ran faster than man. To hunt these animals or catch fish and birds, early man had to be alert and swift. To collect plant produce, complete knowledge of plants was essential. Early man had to have the basic knowledge about which plants or parts of plants were edible, which were poisonous. They were required to find out about the seasons when the fruits ripen.

HistoryClass 6All

What are the important features of the paintings drawn on the rock shelters of Bhimbetka?

Answer: The rock shelters of Bhimbetka are decorated with picture writings, depicting the life and times of pre-historic cave dwellers. These paintings mirror the difficulties of the native man’s struggle with life as also his accomplishments. These paintings also show wild animals drawn with great accuracy. Religious symbols those were popular with these pre-historic artists also adorn the walls of these shelters. The paintings are often superimposed, which reveals that the surface was used by different people at different times.

HistoryClass 6All

How was wood helpful to the early man?

Answer: Wood had various uses to the early man, such as: It was used as firewood. It was used to make tools. Huts of early man were made of wood. Plough used for farming was initially made of wood.

HistoryClass 6All

What is the importance of Bhimbetka in history?

Answer: The rock paintings are the greatest wealth that the natives of Bhimbetka have left behind. The animals and birds drawn with great accuracy and skill constitute the largest subject of these paintings.

HistoryClass 6All

Read the passage and answer the questions given below: Xuan Zang, and other pilgrims spent time studying in Nalanda, (Bihar) the most famous Buddhist monastery of the period. This is how he describes it: “The teachers are men of the highest ability and talent. They follow the teachings of the Buddha in all sincerity. The rules of the monastery are strict, and everyone has to follow them. Discussions are held throughout the day, and the old and the young mutually help one another. Learned men from different cities come here to settle their doubts. The gatekeeper asks new entrants difficult questions. They are allowed to enter only after they have been able to answer these. Seven or eight out of every ten are not able to answer.” 1. Name one foreign traveller who visited the Buddhist Monastery at Nalanda? 1 2. Was it easy to enter the Buddhist Monastery at Nalanda? Who taught in this Monastery?

Answer: Xuan Zang visited and studied in the Buddhist Monastery at Nalanda. It was very difficult to enter this Monastery. New entrants were asked difficult questions from by the gatekeeper. Only those who gave correct answer were allowed to enter. Mostly seven or eight out of ten were not able to answer the questions asked by them. Men of the highest ability and talent taught in this Monastery.

HistoryClass 6All

Read the following passage and answer the questions given below: Bhakti comes from the Sanskrit term bhaj meaning ‘to divide or share.’ This suggests an intimate, two-way relationship between the deity and devotee. Bhakti is directed towards Bhagavat, which is often translated as god, but also means one who possesses and shares bhaga, literally good fortune or bliss. The devotee, known as the bhakta or the bhagavata, shares his or her chosen deity’s bhaga. 1. What do we mean by the term ‘Bhakti’? 2. Who is Bhagavat? 3. What kind of a relationship does a devotee share with his deity? 4. How is a devotee related to his chosen deity?

The word Bhakti is derived from a Sanskrit word ‘bhaj’, which means ‘to divide or share’. Bhagvat means god. It also means one who possesses and shares bhaga. The devotee shares an intimate, two-way relationship with the deity. The devotee, known as the bhakta or the bhagavata, shares the bhaga of his or her chosen deity.

HistoryClass 6All

Read the following passage and answer the questions given below: “Widows, young women who are differently abled, nuns, mothers of courtesans, retired women servants of the king, women who have retired from service in temples, may be used for processing wool, bark, cotton, hemp and flax. They should be paid according to the quality and quantity of work. Women who are not permitted to leave their homes can send maidservants to bring the raw material from the superintendent, and take the finished work back to him. Women who can visit the workshop should go at dawn to give their work and receive their wages. There should be enough light to examine the work. In case the superintendent looks at the woman or talks about anything other than the work, he should be punished. If a woman does not complete her work, she will have to pay a fine, and her thumbs can be cut off.” 1. List all the women who could be employed by the superintendent. 2. How were women paid for their work? 3. How were women punished if their work was not finished on time? 4. What time was recommended for the women to visit the workshop?

The superintendent could employ widows, young women who were differently abled, nuns, mothers of courtesans, retired women servants of the king and women who had retired from service in temples. The women were paid according to the quality and quantity of work. If the women failed to finish her work she had to pay a fine and her thumb could be cut off. Women who could visit the workshop were recommended to go at dawn to give their work and receive their wages.

HistoryClass 6All

Read the following passage and answer the questions given below it: “The gulf is very narrow at Barygaza and very hard to navigate for those coming from the sea. Ships had to be steered in by skilful and experienced local fishermen who were employed by the king. The imports into Barygaza were wine, copper, tin, lead, coral, topaz, cloth, gold and silver coins. Exports from the town included plants from the Himalayas, ivory, agate, carnelian, cotton, silk and perfumes. Special gifts were brought by merchants for the king. These included vessels of silver, singing boys, beautiful women, fine wines and fine cloth.” 1. What did the merchants bring for the king? 2. Make a list of the imports and exports from Barygaza. Who steered the ships?

Merchants brought special gifts like, vessels of silver, singing boys, beautiful women, fine wines and fine cloth for the king. Wine, copper, tin, lead, coral, topaz, cloth, gold and silver coins were imported into Barygaza. While exports from the town included plants from the Himalayas, ivory, agate, carnelian, cotton, silk and perfumes. Ships were steered in by skillful and experienced local fishermen.

HistoryClass 6All

Write a short note on Arikamedu?

Answer: Arikamedu was a coastal settlement where ships unloaded goods from distant lands. A massive brick structure, which may have been a warehouse, was found at the site. Roman lamps, glassware and gems; pottery from the Mediterranean region such as amphorae and stamped red-glazed pottery, known as Arretine Ware was found from here. Plenty of evidence for the making of beads from semi-precious stones and glass has also been found. All these evidences show that Arikamedu was an important trading centre.

HistoryClass 6All

Why Mathura was an important settlement?

Answer: Following features made Mathura an important settlement: Its location at the cross roads of two major routes of travel and trade — from the northwest to the east and from north to south. Production of some extremely fine sculpture at Mathura Around 2000 years ago Mathura became the second capital of the Kushanas. Several inscriptions on surfaces such as stone slabs and statues found in Mathura. Fortifications around the city, and several shrines. Buddhist monasteries, Jaina shrines made Mathura an important religious centre. It was an important centre for the worship of Krishna.

HistoryClass 6All

Mention some of the evidences which tell us about the life in early cities.

Answer: The following evidences tell us about the life in early cities: Sculptures used to decorate railings, pillars and gateways of buildings. They depicted scenes of peoples’ lives in towns and villages, as well as in the forest. Accounts of travellers and sailors who visited these early cities. Rows of pots or ceramic rings arranged one on top of the other which seems to have been used as toilets in some cases and as drains and garbage dumps in others have been found by archaeologists.

HistoryClass 6All

Briefly discuss the different kinds of people living in villages in the northern parts of the subcontinent.

Answer: Villages in the northern part of the country were mostly inhabited by the village headman, independent farmers, field workers and craftsmen. The village headman was known as the grama bhojaka. He was the largest land owner and generally very powerful. The independent farmers were called grihapatis, most of whom were smaller landowners. Then there were people who did not own land and earned their living by working on the fields owned by others. This segment was called dasa karmakara. In most villages, there were also some crafts persons such as the blacksmith, potter, carpenter and weaver.

HistoryClass 6All

What steps were taken to increase the production?

Answer: The kings and kingdoms could not have existed without the support of prosperous villages. Various effective steps were taken to increase the production. New tools and system of transplantation were introduced. Apart from these, system of irrigation was also used. Irrigation works that were built during this time included canals, wells, tanks and artificial lakes.

HistoryClass 6All

Why was grama bhojaka powerful?

Answer: Grama bhojaka was the village headman. He was the largest landowner. He did not cultivate his own land and had slaves and hired workers to work on his fields. The King had given him the duty to collect taxes from the village. He functioned as a judge. He also had to perform the duties of a policeman. This added to his prestige and made him powerful.

HistoryClass 6All

What is the name given to the pottery found from Arikamedu?

Answer: Red-glazed pottery has been found from Arikamedu known as Arretine Ware.

HistoryClass 6All

List one function of shrenis.

Answer: Shrenis served as banks, where rich men and women deposited money.

HistoryClass 6All

List the occupations of the people of Mathura.

Answer: The people of Mathura were merchants, crafts persons, goldsmiths, blacksmiths, weavers, basket makers, garland makers, perfumers etc.

HistoryClass 6All

Which city became the second capital of Kushanas?

Answer: Mathura became the second capital of the Kushanas.

HistoryClass 6All

From where was the largest collection of iron tools and weapons found?

Answer: The largest collection of iron tools and weapons were found in the megalithic burials.

HistoryClass 6All

Who was grama bhojaka?

Answer: The village headman was known as the grama bhojaka.

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