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HistoryClass 11CBSE

Knights became a distinct group under medieval European society. Why?

From the 9th century, there were frequent localized wars among different factions. Amateur soldiers were not sufficient. There was the need of good cavalry. Thereafter, a new section of people-the Knights grew. They were linked with the lords. The lord gave the knight a piece of land, i.e. fief. It extended between 1,000 and 2,000 acres or more. It also comprised a house for the knight and his family, a church and other establishments to house his dependents. The knight paid his lord a regular fee and promised for him to fight in war. In this way, the knights became a distinct group in the medieval European society.

HistoryClass 11CBSE

Which values enhanced the status of nobility?

The values which enhanced the status of nobility were: Their wealth Their social status Their political image Their property Their judicial role

HistoryClass 11CBSE

What do you understand by Guild?

Guild was the basis of economic organisation. Each craft or industry was organised into a guild. It was also an association. Quality of the product, sale and its price were controlled by the Guild. The Guild hall was the distinct feature of every town. In it, the heads of all trade organisations formally met. Guards patrolled the town walls and musicians were called to play at feasts and in civic processions. Innkeepers looked after travelers.

HistoryClass 11CBSE

Describe the merits and demerits of feudal system.

Merits of the feudal system: Common people were provided security of life and property. Law and order was maintained in their territories. Demerits of the feudal system: There were mutual conflicts among feudal lords to expand their own states. That is why peace and order in the society got disturbed. The feudal system proved to be an obstacle in the growth of political unity.

HistoryClass 11CBSE

Why did rich people donate their money to churches?

The rich people donated their money to churches. The large churches were known as cathedrals. They were being built in France and belonged to monasteries. Different groups of people gave their immense contribution by their labour, materials and money for their construction. It took many years in its completion. After its completion, they became centers of pilgrimage.

HistoryClass 11CBSE

How did plague affect trade and cities?

With the expansion of trade in the 13th and 14th centuries, ships carrying goods from distant countries had started arriving in European ports. Rats came along with ships carrying away the infection of bubonic plague. After the outbreak of plague, cities became the hardest hit. In enclosed communities like monasteries, when one individual contracted the plague none survived. The plague took its worst toll among infants, the young and the elderly. As the horrible impact of plague the population of Europe, 73 millions in 1300, stood reduced to 45 millions in 1400. Depopulation caused a shortage of labour. Imbalance was created between agriculturalists and manufacturers.

HistoryClass 11CBSE

What was the position of Pope in the medieval Europe?

The Pope enjoyed a respectable position in the society during the medieval period in Europe. He was considered to be the spiritual representative of Jesus Christ. He interfered into the internal affairs of the Christian kings and their subjects. Nobody could dare to challenge the authority of Pope.

HistoryClass 11CBSE

What is the political importance of the feudal system?

Answer: Political importance of the feudal system: Nobles provided protection to their people. They also maintained peace and harmony in their regions. The feeling of mutual understanding and co-operation among the people was also created. Through manorial system, the feudal lords provided economic provision.

HistoryClass 11CBSE

Discuss the categories of cultivators under feudalism during the medieval age in Europe.

There were two categories of cultivators in the feudal system, during the age in Europe. They were free peasants and serfs. Free Peasants: They held their farms as tenants of the lord. This category of peasants did not work for their lords. Serfs: Serfs were the lowest category of peasants. They were just like slaves of their masters. They had not only to work on the fields of their lords and gave them a part of their produce but also to perform such petty jobs as building or repairing their houses, roads, etc. They received no wages. They were not allowed to leave the state without the permission of their lord.

HistoryClass 11CBSE

What do you understand by manor? Describe in brief.

The noble enjoyed a special status in the society. He had a complete control over his property. He was the lord of all the people settled on his land. He occupied vast tracts of land which had its own dwellings, private fields, and pastures. His house was called manor. Peasants cultivated his private lands. Whenever required in battle they were also expected to act as foot soldiers.

HistoryClass 11CBSE

Describe the life of Christian monks in a monastery during the medieval period of Europe.

The men who led the life of self-denial and self-control were called monks. The monks lived in monastery and led the simple life. They had to take a vow not to acquire any kind of worldly possession. They were not allowed to marry and had to take a vow to obey the chief of monastery. Their only mission in life was to pray and preach and to spread moral teachings among the common people.

HistoryClass 11CBSE

What do you understand by vassalage?

In society, priests were put in the first order and nobles in the second order. The nobility enjoyed privileges in the social process. They had complete control over the land. This control was the outcome of the Vassalage’ practice.

HistoryClass 11CBSE

Discuss any two factors that were responsible for the rise of nation-state during 16th century.

The two factors responsible for the rise of nation-state during 16th century were: Decline of feudal system Growth of middle class.

HistoryClass 11CBSE

What were the causes of the growth of towns in Europe during the middle age?

Answer: Trade and commerce flourished and most traders settled in cities and towns. Towns were free from the control of lords. As a result, people started migrating from rural to urban areas in search of jobs.

HistoryClass 11CBSE

Where was shortage of silver felt in 14th century? Did it have any affect on the trade?

The shortage of silver supply was felt in Serbia and Austria in the 14th century. It adversely affected trade.

HistoryClass 11CBSE

The monks living in St. Benedict monastery followed some rules. Enumerate two of them.

Monks living in St. Benedict monastery followed the following rules. The monks obeyed the order of the chief of the monastery. They were not allowed to speak freely. They had to spend most of their time in meditation.

HistoryClass 11CBSE

Discuss any four factors responsible for the decline of feudalism.

The factors responsible for the decline of feudalism were: Development of new towns and cities Peasants revolt Emergence of middle class Advent of the use of money

HistoryClass 11CBSE

What was Manar?

Fertile lands were called Manar.

HistoryClass 11CBSE

What were the drawbacks of feudal system?

Drawbacks of feudal system: It weakened the monarchial system. It hampered the process of national unity and integration.

HistoryClass 11CBSE

What were cathedral towns?

The large church buildings built in France were called cathedrals. With the passage of time, many towns flourished around the churches that were called cathedral towns.

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