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Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

Which are manufacturing industries?

Toys , utensils, clothes , gadgets, watches, timepieces and the list is endless. The modern day marketplace is full of a huge number of vibrant and captivating products catering to the needs of diverse customers. Now the question is where do these products come from? One simple word that answers all the queries is “ Industries” or more elaborately ‘Manufacturing Industries’. The chapter focuses on establishing the meaning and the importance of the manufacturing sector and its contribution to the economy. Explores the domains of the manufacturing sector, distribution of industries, types of industries and the factors affecting their location.The hazards of Industrial Pollution and the ways to mitigate it have been well discussed in the chapter. Apart from the development aspect, it is also important to address the environmental concerns. The chapter focuses on finding solutions to the environmental concerns and developing a sustainable development approach.

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

What are energy and mineral resources?

“From discovery of fire, invention of wheel, steam engine to the introduction of railways, bullet trains and modern commute systems; humans have come a long way.” The surroundings of the modern day world are full of scientific marvels and discoveries. The means of transportation and communication have become more advanced and user friendly. The availability of and use of minerals and the energy resources deserve a huge credit for the modern advancements. The chapter Minerals and Energy Resources defines the meaning , usage and distribution of minerals and energy resources.It also outlines the hazards of mining and the conservation measures required to conserve minerals and energy resources. It focuses on the importance of finding alternative sources of energy and the need for sustainable development.

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

What is agriculture class 10 NCERT?

“Farmers are the feeders of the nation.” Food is something that we all love to eat and explore. There are various lip-smacking cuisines that we all crave for. Do you think that those cuisines would have been possible without the crops, fruits and vegetables that are grown with utmost dedication and hardwork by the farmers? Absolutely, not. It is rightly said that ‘ necessity is the mother of invention’. This has been proved true each time humans had a necessity or want.The science of agriculture generated with diversifying wants of humans for food. Agriculture and farmers play an important role in maintaining the food security of any nation. The chapter agriculture discusses the various farming methods , types and distribution. It focuses on the geographical aspects of farming and the categorisation of food, non-food and commercial crops. The different cropping patterns and the crop distribution have been well discussed in the chapter. It also outlines the various technological and institutional reforms made to upscale agriculture and make it globalization ready. It discusses in detail the impact of globalization and the need for a fair share in that.

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

What are water resources?

“ Water, water everywhere, not a drop to drink.”Water is the most important component of sustaining life on planet Earth. And going by the stats , nearly 2 billion people could possibly be facing water scarcity by the year 2025. Now the question that arises is that despite Earth’s most part being covered by water, why is the global population facing water scarcity? The answer lies in the limited availability of potable water. The chapter water resources explores in depth the availability, usage and distribution of potable water.The issues of water scarcity and water conservation and management are well discussed in the chapter. The chapter outlines the various man made factors that have pushed the global water crisis. It discusses in detail the multi-purpose projects, their pros and cons and the movements that opposed them. It also discusses in detail the various water conservation and rainwater harvesting techniques that have been used over the years.

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

What is Forest and Wildlife Resources 

“ Nature always wears the colour of the spirits”. The words of Ralph Waldo Emerson truly outline the impact nature and environment have on the different living species. Humans share this world with a multitude of organisms thereby forming an ecological system which is very important even for the existence of the human race. Forests and wildlife not only add to the diversity of the beautiful nature but also play an important part in maintaining the ecological balance. The chapter deals with the themes of wildlife exploration, factors affecting the natural habitats of the flora and fauna and the IUCN categorisation of the flora and fauna according to the threat levels.It also focuses on the causes of destruction and ways to conserve biodiversity . It discusses the different movements and initiatives that have been rolled out in the past and present to conserve biodiversity.

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

What is resource and development?

Earth has an abundance of resources that can be used to satisfy the needs of human beings. The chapter deals with the idea of resources , its types and distribution. The chapter focuses on the problem of the uneven distribution of resources and how it can be managed using careful Resource Planning. The chapter also deals with the pattern of land distribution and the causes for land degradation. It focuses on the key aspects of conserving land and increasing the forest cover. Soil is an important component which is also the house for a number of useful microbes. Degradation of soil has an adverse effect on the surroundings. The chapter explores the various ways of land degradation and how it can be checked. Also, it explores the possibility of development by the judicious use of the different types of resources keeping in mind the issue of sustainability.

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

Social divisions based on _________ are peculiar to India.

Social divisions based on caste are peculiar to India.

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

Which among the following statements about India’s Constitution is wrong? It a. prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion. b. gives official status to one religion. c. provides to all individuals freedom to profess any religion. d. ensures equality of citizens within religious communities.

(b) gives official status to one religion.

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

Consider the following statements on the meaning of communal politics. Communal politics is based on the belief that: A. One religion is superior to that of others. B. People belonging to different religions can live together happily as equal citizens. C. Followers of a particular religion constitute one community. D. State power cannot be used to establish the domination of one religious group over others. Which of the statements is/are correct? a. A, B, C, and D b. A, B, and D c. A and C d. B and D

(c) A and C

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

In India, seats are reserved for women in a. Lok Sabha b. State legislative assemblies c. Cabinets d. Panchayati Raj bodies

(d) Panchayati Raj bodies

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

When we speak of gender divisions, we usually refer to: a. Biological differences between men and women b. Unequal roles assigned by society to men and women c. Unequal child sex ratio d. Absence of voting rights for women in democracies

(b) Unequal roles assigned by society to men and women

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

Mention any two constitutional provisions that make India a secular state.

The fundamental right to the freedom of religion clearly states that one has a right to practise, profess and propagate any religion. Prohibition of discrimination on the basis of religion is one of the tenets of the constitution under the fundamental right to equality.

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

What is the status of women’s representation in India’s legislative bodies?

There are more than 10 lakh elected women representatives in rural and urban local bodies. Women’s organisations and activists have been demanding a similar reservation of at least one-third of seats in the Lok Sabha and State Assemblies for women. A bill with this proposal has been pending before the Parliament for more than a decade. But there is no consensus over this issue among all the political parties. The bill has not been passed.

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

State two reasons to say that caste alone cannot determine election results in India.

The two reasons that say that caste alone cannot determine election results in India are as follows: In India, no parliamentary constituency has a clear majority of one single caste. So, every candidate and party needs to win the confidence of more than one caste and community to win elections. No party wins the votes of all the voters of caste or community. When people say that caste is a ‘vote bank’ of one party, it usually means that a large proportion of the voters from that caste vote for that party.

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

State how caste inequalities are still continuing in India.

According to the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), the following evidence reflects the present caste inequalities in India: The average economic status (measured by criteria like monthly consumption expenditure) of caste groups still follows the old hierarchy – the ‘upper’ castes are best off, the Dalits and Adivasis are worse off, and the backward classes are in between. Although every caste has some poor members, the proportion living in extreme poverty (below the official ‘poverty line’) is much higher for the lowest castes and much lower for the upper castes, with the backward classes once again in between.

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

State different forms of communal politics with one example each.

The different forms of communal politics are: Communalism takes the form of religious prejudices, stereotypes of religious communities and a belief in the superiority of one’s religion over other religions. E.g., militant religious groups. The quest for political dominance of one religion over another in a community. It takes a form of majoritarianism. For example, rift between political parties based on religion. Political mobilisation on religious lines is another frequent form of communalism. Example – During elections, hate speeches come to the surface, revealing the communalism. Communal violence is another form of communalism in politics. For example, riots on the basis of religious sentiments.

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

Mention different aspects of life in which women are discriminated or disadvantaged in India.

The women in India are discriminated or disadvantaged in the following ways: Literacy – The literacy rate for women is 65.46 per cent, against 82.14 per cent for men. This shows that since independence, the gap between the ratio of men and women with respect to literacy still cannot be filled. Higher education – When you compare the percentage of boys and girls opting for higher studies after school, it is lower for girls as they tend to drop out after schools. This is because parents do not wish to spend their resources on a girl’s education, which is quite expected in boys’ cases. Highly paid jobs – The percentage of women working in high-paying jobs is still smaller than that of men. On an average, an Indian woman works one hour more than an average man every day. Yet, much of her work is not paid and therefore often not valued. The Equal Remuneration Act, 1976 states that equal wages should be paid for equal work. However, in almost all areas of work, from sports and cinema to factories and fields, women are paid less than men, even when both do exactly the same work. Sex-ratio – Sex Ratio of India is 107.48, i.e., 107.48 males per 100 females in 2019.

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

Studies on political and social inequalities in democracy show that A. democracy and development go together. B. inequalities exist in democracies. C. inequalities do not exist under a dictatorship. D. dictatorship is better than democracy.

inequalities exist in democracies.

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

In the context of assessing democracy which among the following is odd one out? Democracies need to ensure: A. free and fair elections B. the dignity of the individual C. majority rule D. equal treatment before the law

Majority rule

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

In the context of democracies, which of the following ideas is correct – democracies have successfully eliminated? A. conflicts among people B. economic inequalities among people C. differences of opinion about how marginalised sections are to be treated D. the idea of political inequality

the idea of political inequality

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