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Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

Suggest the initiative taken by the government to ensure the increase in agricultural production.

The Government of India embarked on a mission to introduce agricultural reforms to improve Indian agriculture in the 1960s and 1970s. The Green Revolution based on the use of package technology and the White Revolution (Operation Flood) were some of the strategies initiated to improve a lot of Indian agriculture. But, this too led to the concentration of development in a few selected areas. Therefore, in the 1980s and 1990s, a comprehensive land development programme was initiated, which included both institutional and technical reforms. Provision for crop insurance against drought, flood, cyclone, fire and disease, the establishment of Grameen banks, cooperative societies and banks for providing loan facilities to the farmers at lower rates of interest were some important steps in this direction. Kissan Credit Card (KCC) and Personal Accident Insurance Scheme (PAIS) are some other schemes introduced by the Government of India for the benefit of the farmers. Moreover, special weather bulletins and agricultural programmes for farmers were introduced on the radio and television. The government also announces minimum support price, remunerative and procurement prices for important crops to check the exploitation of farmers by speculators and middlemen.

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

The land under cultivation has got reduced day by day. Can you imagine its consequences?

Shortage of food The rise in prices of food Imports increase will put stress on the economy Rise in Unemployment

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

Enlist the various institutional reform programmes introduced by the government in the interest of farmers.

Various institutional reform programmes introduced by the Government are as follows: MSP (Minimum Support Price) Subsidy on fertilisers Crop insurance Establishment of Grameen banks to provide low-interest loans

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

Name one staple crop of India and the regions where it is produced.

Rice is a major staple crop of India. It is grown in the following regions. Plains of North North East India Coastal Areas Deltaic Regions

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

Name one important beverage crop and specify the geographical conditions required for its growth.

One important beverage crop is tea. The tea plant grows well in tropical and sub-tropical climates endowed with deep and fertile well-drained soil, rich in humus and organic matter. Tea bushes require warm and moist frost-free climate all through the year. Frequent showers evenly distributed over the year ensure continuous growth of tender leaves. Tea is a labour-intensive industry. It requires abundant, cheap and skilled labour. Tea is processed within the tea garden to ensure its freshness.

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

Which one of the following is a leguminous crop? (a) Pulses (b) Millets (c) Jawar (d) Sesamum

Pulses

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

Which one of the following is a rabi crop? (a) Rice (b) Millets (c) Gram (d) Cotton

Gram

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

Which one of the following describes a system of agriculture where a single crop is grown in a large area? (a) Shifting Agriculture (b) Plantation Agriculture (c) Horticulture (d) Intensive Agriculture

Plantation agriculture

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

Why do you think that solar energy has a bright future in India?

Solar energy has a bright future in India because we are a tropical country with enormous possibilities for tapping solar energy. Solar energy is fast becoming popular in rural and remote areas. India’s largest solar power plant is located at Madhapur, near Bhuj, where solar energy is used to sterilise milk cans. It is expected that the use of solar energy will be able to minimise the dependence of rural households on firewood and dung cakes, which in turn, will contribute to environmental conservation and adequate supply of manure in agriculture. Solar energy is a non-conventional source of energy which is also renewable. Use of solar energy will not only be good for the environment, but it will also reduce our dependence on oil and gas.

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

Describe the distribution of coal in India

In India, coal can be found in rock series of two main geological ages: Gondwana (200 million years old) Tertiary deposits (55 million years old) The major resources of Gondwana coal are located in: Damodar Valley (West Bengal – Jharkhand) – Jharia, Raniganj and Bokaro are important coalfields. Godavari valley Mahanadi valley Son valley Wardha valley Tertiary coal occurs in the northeastern states of Meghalaya, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland.

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

How are minerals formed in igneous and metamorphic rocks?

In igneous and metamorphic rocks, minerals can occur in the cracks, crevices, faults or joints. The smaller deposits are called veins, and the larger ones are called lodes.

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

What is a mineral?

Minerals can be defined as homogenous, naturally occurring substances with a definable internal structure. Minerals are found in varied forms in nature, ranging from the hardest diamond to the softest talc.

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

Distinguish between the following in not more than 30 words. a. Ferrous and non-ferrous minerals b. Conventional and non-conventional sources of energy

Ferrous minerals are metallic minerals containing iron. For e.g., iron ore, manganese, nickel, cobalt, etc. While non-ferrous minerals are also metallic, they do not contain iron. For e.g., gold, copper, zinc, etc. Conventional sources of energy include firewood, cattle dung cake, coal, petroleum, natural gas and electricity (both hydel and thermal). While non-conventional sources of energy are solar, wind, tidal, geothermal, biogas and atomic energy.

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

Which one of the following minerals is contained in the Monazite sand? (a) Oil (b) Uranium (c ) Thorium (d) Coal

Solution: (c ) Thorium

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

Minerals are deposited and accumulated in the strata of which of the following rocks? (a) Sedimentary Rocks (b) Metamorphic Rocks (c ) Igneous Rocks (d) None of the above

Solution: (a) Sedimentary Rocks

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

Koderma, in Jharkhand, is the leading producer of which one of the following minerals? (a) Bauxite (b) Mica (c ) Iron Ore (d) Copper

Solution: (b) Mica

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

Which one of the following minerals are formed by the decomposition of rocks, leaving a residual mass of weathered material? (a) Coal (b) Bauxite (c ) Gold (d) Zinc

Solution: (b) Bauxite

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

Write a note on the changing nature of international trade in the last fifteen years.

Trade between countries is known as international trade. International trade has undergone a vast change in the last fifteen years. The exchange of goods and commodities has been superseded by the exchange of information and knowledge. For e.g., India has emerged as a software giant at the international level, and it is earning large foreign exchange through the export of information technology. International trade also depends on the relationship between the countries and other external factors like duties and tariffs on the transportation of goods. In the last fifteen years, different trade blocks have emerged, which have changed how international trade was conducted previously.

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

Why are the means of transportation and communication called the lifelines of a nation and its economy?

The means of transportation and communication are called the lifelines of a nation and its economy because they are the prerequisites for fast development. Today, India is well-linked with the rest of the world despite its vast size, diversity and linguistic and socio-cultural plurality. Railways, airways, waterways, newspapers, radio, cinema, television and the internet have been contributing to its socio-economic progress in many ways. Along with trade, these different means of transport and communication have enriched our life and added substantially to growing amenities and facilities for the comforts of life.

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

What is meant by trade? What is the difference between international and local trade?

The exchange of goods among people, states and countries is referred to as a trade. Trade between countries is called international trade. Local trade is carried out within cities, towns and villages of a country.

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