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Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

Based on the information given below classify each of the situations as ‘suffering from water scarcity’ or ‘not suffering from water scarcity’. (a) A region with high annual rainfall. (b) A region having high annual rainfall and large population. (c) A region having high annual rainfall but water is highly polluted. (d) A region having low rainfall and low population.

(a) A region with high annual rainfall – Not suffering from water scarcity (b) A region having high annual rainfall and large population – Suffering from water scarcity (c) A region having high annual rainfall but water is highly polluted – Suffering from water scarcity (d) A region having low rainfall and low population- Not suffering from water scarcity

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

Write a note on good practices towards conserving forest and wildlife.

In India, joint forest management (JFM) programme is a good example for the involvement of local communities in the management and restoration of degraded forests. The programme has been in formal existence since 1988 when the state of Odisha passed the first resolution for joint forest management. JFM depends on the formation of local (village) institutions that undertake protection activities mostly on degraded forest land managed by the forest department. In return, the members of these communities are entitled to intermediary benefits like non-timber forest produces and a share in the timber harvested by ‘successful protection’. The clear lesson from the dynamics of both environmental destruction and reconstruction in India is that local communities everywhere have to be involved in some kind of natural resource management. But there is still a long way to go before local communities are at the centre stage in decision-making. Accept only those economic or developmental activities that are people-centric, environment-friendly and economically rewarding.

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

Describe how communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife in India.

Chipko Movement: The famous Chipko movement in the Himalayas has not only successfully resisted deforestation in several areas, but has also shown that community afforestation with indigenous species can be enormously successful. Certain societies revere a particular tree which they have preserved from time immemorial. The Mundas and the Santhals of Chota Nagpur region worship mahua (Bassia latifolia) and kadamba (Anthocaphalus cadamba) trees. The tribals of Odisha and Bihar worship the tamarind (Tamarindus indica) and mango (Mangifera indica) trees during weddings. Many people also consider peepal and banyan trees sacred. In Sariska Tiger Reserve, Rajasthan, villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act. In many areas, villagers themselves are protecting habitats and are explicitly rejecting government involvement. The inhabitants of five villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have declared 1,200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav ‘Sonchuri’, declaring their own set of rules and regulations which do not allow hunting and are protecting the wildlife against any outside encroachments.

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna? Explain

Various river valley projects have affected the flora and fauna. Many illegal mining projects have depleted the flora and fauna. Too many development projects for leisure activities in the forests have negatively affected them. Too many human activities in the forest area due to rising population and lack of space has created human-animal conflict.

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

Match the following. Reserved Forests Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals and communities Protected Forests Forests are regarded as most valuable as far as the conservation of forest and wildlife resources is concerned Unclassed Forests Forest lands are protected from any further depletion

Answer: Reserved Forests Forests are regarded as most valuable as far as the conservation of forest and wildlife resources is concerned Protected Forests Forest lands are protected from any further depletion Unclassed Forests Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals and communities

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

Match the following animals with their category of existence. Animals/Plants Category of existence Black Buck Extinct Asiatic Elephant Rare Andaman wild pig Endangered Himalayan Brown Bear Vulnerable Pink Head Duck Endemic

nswer: Animals/Plants Category of existence Black Buck Endangered Asiatic Elephant Vulnerable Andaman wild pig Endemic Himalayan Brown Bear Rare Pink Head Duck Extinct

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

Which of the following conservation strategies do not directly involve community participation? (a) Joint forest management (b) Beej Bachao Andolan (c) Chipko Movement (d) Demarcation of wildlife sanctuaries

Demarcation of wildlife sanctuaries

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

Which of these statements is not a valid reason for the depletion of flora and fauna? (a) Agricultural expansion. (b) Large scale developmental projects. (c) Grazing and fuelwood collection. (d) Rapid industrialisation and urbanisation.

Grazing and fuelwood collection

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

How has technical and economic development led to more consumption of resources?

There are various reasons for this. Large-scale production led to over utilisation of resources. Technological advancement led to greater exploitation of resources. Improved medical and health resources led to huge consumption of resources.

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

Explain the land use pattern in India and why has the land under forest not increased much since 1960-61.

The use of land is determined both by physical factors, such as topography, climate, and soil types, as well as by human factors, such as population density, technological capability, culture, traditions etc. The pattern of the net sown area varies greatly from one state to another. It is over 80 per cent of the total area in Punjab and Haryana and less than 10 per cent in Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Manipur and Andaman Nicobar Islands. Forest area in the country is far lower than the desired 33 per cent of the geographical area, as it was outlined in the National Forest Policy (1952). It was considered essential for the maintenance of the ecological balance. A part of the land is termed a wasteland, and it is put to other non-agricultural uses like settlements, roads, railways, industry etc. It includes rocky, arid and desert areas. Continuous use of land over a long period of time without taking appropriate measures to conserve and manage it has resulted in land degradation.

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

What are the biotic and abiotic resources? Give some examples.

Biotic resource: These are resources that are obtained from the biosphere These resources have life Examples are plants, animals, fish, human beings, livestock etc. Abiotic resource: These resources are composed of non-living things Examples are water, minerals, metals, wind, solar energy etc.

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

What steps can be taken to control soil erosion in hilly areas?

The main techniques that can be used are given below. Contour ploughing Terrace farming Strips of grass are allowed to grow between the crops. This method is known as strip cropping.

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

Answer the following questions in about 30 words. (i) Name three states having black soil and the crop which is mainly grown in it.

3 states are Maharashtra Gujarat Madhya Pradesh The crop grown is cotton.

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

(ii) What type of soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast? Give three main features of this type of soil.

The type of soil found in river deltas is Alluvial Soil. It is very fertile and, therefore, good for the cultivation of crops It consists of various proportions of sand, silt and clay Alluvial soil has a good quantity of potash, lime and phosphoric acid, which is good for the growth of paddy and sugarcane.

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

In which of the following states is black soil predominantly found? (a) Jammu and Kashmir (b) Maharashtra (c) Rajasthan (d) Jharkhand

Maharashtra

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

In which one of the following states is terrace cultivation practised? (a) Punjab (b) Plains of Uttar Pradesh (c) Haryana (d) Uttarakhand

Uttarakhand

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

Which one of the following is the main cause of land degradation in Punjab? (a) Intensive cultivation (b) Deforestation (c) Over-irrigation (d) Overgrazing

Over-irrigation

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

Under which of the following type of resources can tidal energy not be put? (a) Replenishable (b) Human-made (c) Abiotic (d) Non-recyclable

Replenishable

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

Which one of the following types of resource is iron ore? (a) Renewable (b) Biotic (c) Flow (d) Non-renewable

Non-renewable

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

Describe the impact of globalisation on Indian agriculture.

Globalisation is not a new phenomenon. It was there at the time of colonisation. In the nineteenth century, when European traders came to India, at that time too, Indian spices were exported to different countries of the world and farmers of south India were encouraged to grow these crops. Till today, it is one of the important items of export from India. Under globalisation, particularly after 1990, the farmers in India have been exposed to new challenges. Despite being an important producer of rice, cotton, rubber, tea, coffee, jute and spices, our agricultural products are not able to compete with the developed countries because of the highly subsidised agriculture in those countries. Today, Indian agriculture finds itself at crossroads. To make agriculture successful and profitable, proper thrust should be given to the improvement of the condition of marginal and small farmers.

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