Who recognised that Raziyya was more able than all her brothers?

The person who recognised that Raziyya was more able than all her brothers was her father, Iltutmish, one of the most capable rulers of the Delhi Sultanate. His decision to choose his daughter as his successor was remarkable, especially in a time when political power was almost entirely dominated by men.

Iltutmish belonged to the Slave Dynasty and ruled from 1211 to 1236. He was known for his administrative skills, military strength, and ability to consolidate the Delhi Sultanate after the death of Qutb-ud-din Aibak. During his reign, he faced many challenges, including rebellions and external threats. Therefore, he understood the importance of having a capable and strong successor who could maintain stability in the empire.

Raziyya, later known as Raziyya Sultan, stood out among all his children due to her intelligence, courage, and leadership qualities. From a young age, she showed keen interest in administration and governance. Unlike many royal women of her time, she received proper education and training in statecraft. She was also given opportunities to participate in political affairs, which helped her gain practical experience.

According to historical accounts, Iltutmish was so impressed by Raziyya’s abilities that he began to trust her with important responsibilities. On one occasion, when he had to leave Delhi for a military campaign, he appointed Raziyya to look after the administration in his absence. She handled the responsibilities efficiently, winning the confidence of both the nobles and the general public. This experience further convinced Iltutmish that she was more capable than his sons.

In contrast, Iltutmish’s sons were considered less competent and lacked the qualities required for effective governance. They were more interested in luxury and pleasure rather than administration and leadership. Observing this, Iltutmish made the bold decision to declare Raziyya as his successor. This decision was not easily accepted by the nobles, as they were not willing to accept a woman as the ruler. However, Iltutmish firmly believed that ability was more important than gender.

Despite his clear preference, after the death of Iltutmish in 1236, the nobles initially ignored his wishes and placed one of his sons on the throne. However, his rule proved to be weak and ineffective. Eventually, the nobles were forced to recognize Raziyya’s capability, and she was made the ruler.

As Raziyya Sultan, she proved her father’s judgment right. She ruled with determination and efficiency, tried to reduce the power of the nobles, and worked towards strengthening the administration. She also broke many social conventions by appearing in public without a veil and leading her army herself. However, her reign faced strong opposition from conservative sections of society and powerful nobles, which eventually led to her downfall.