What is torque and horsepower?

Two different but related measurements of engine performance:

Torque is the rotational (twisting) force an engine produces measured in Newton-metres (Nm) or pound-feet (lb-ft). High torque means the engine can apply a strong rotational push. Essential for towing heavy loads, accelerating from rest, or driving uphill. Diesel truck engines produce enormous torque.

Horsepower is the rate at which the engine delivers that torque how quickly it does work.

The relationship:

Horsepower = (Torque × RPM) ÷ 5,252

Analogy: torque is the strength of someone's grip. Horsepower is how quickly they can repeat that grip many times per minute.

In practice:

• High torque at low RPM: trucks, diesel engines great for towing and pulling
• High horsepower at high RPM: sports cars great for top speed and sustained performance