What is blockchain technology?
GeneralClass 10CBSEAnswered 25 May 2026
Answer
Blockchain is a distributed database that stores records in linked groups (blocks) forming a chronological chain maintained across thousands of computers simultaneously rather than in one central location.
Think of it as a shared document that:
- Thousands of people have a copy of simultaneously
- No single person controls or can alter
- Records every change permanently and transparently
- Requires network-wide agreement to add anything new
How a blockchain works:
- A transaction is initiated (e.g., sending cryptocurrency, recording a contract)
- It is broadcast to a peer-to-peer network of computers (nodes)
- The network validates the transaction using consensus mechanisms (Proof of Work or Proof of Stake)
- Validated transactions are grouped into a new block
- The block receives a cryptographic hash (unique fingerprint) and is added to the chain
- The updated chain is distributed to all nodes — the record is permanent
Properties:
| Property | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Decentralized | No single authority controls it |
| Immutable | Once recorded, data cannot be changed without altering every subsequent block |
| Transparent | All transactions visible on public blockchains |
| Secure | Cryptographic hashing makes tampering computationally infeasible |
Major applications: Cryptocurrency (Bitcoin, Ethereum), smart contracts, supply chain tracking, healthcare records, digital voting, NFTs, cross-border payments
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