NCERT Exemplar Solution for Class 10 Science Chapter-12 Electricity
Electricity is one of the most essential forms of energy used in everyday life, and this chapter introduces students to its practical and scientific applications. Electricity explains how electric current flows through conductors, how resistance affects circuits, and how electrical energy is consumed in appliances. The chapter also helps students understand formulas, numerical problems, and circuit diagrams that are important for board examinations. The NCERT Exemplar Solution for Class 10 Science provides a deeper understanding of concepts such as Ohm’s Law, resistors in series and parallel combinations, heating effects of electric current, and electric power. Through detailed explanations and application-based questions, the NCERT Exemplar Solution strengthens analytical skills and conceptual clarity. Students preparing with these NCERT solutions for class 10 can improve problem-solving techniques and gain confidence in handling numerical and reasoning-based questions effectively.
Find the Exercises PDF of NCERT Exemplar Solution for Class 10 Science Chapter-12 Electricity
Electric Current and Ohm’s Law
Electric current is the flow of electric charge through a conductor. In daily life, electricity powers appliances such as fans, refrigerators, televisions, and mobile chargers. The chapter begins by introducing electric current, potential difference, and electric circuits. Students learn how current is measured using an ammeter and how potential difference is measured using a voltmeter.
One of the most important concepts discussed in this chapter is Ohm’s Law. It states that the current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across its ends, provided temperature remains constant. In this equation, V represents voltage, I represents current, and R represents resistance. This formula forms the basis of many numerical problems in examinations. Students learn how different materials oppose the flow of current and how resistance depends on factors such as length, area, and nature of the conductor.
The chapter also introduces resistivity, which is a characteristic property of a material. Conductors like copper and aluminium have low resistivity, while insulators such as rubber and plastic have very high resistivity. Understanding these concepts helps students connect scientific principles with real-world electrical devices.
Combination of Resistors and Electric Circuits
Another important topic in this chapter is the combination of resistors in series and parallel circuits. In a series combination, resistors are connected one after another, and the same current flows through each resistor. The equivalent resistance in a series circuit is equal to the sum of individual resistances.
In a parallel combination, resistors are connected across the same potential difference. The current divides into different branches depending on resistance values.Students often find numerical problems on resistor combinations challenging. The exemplar solutions help simplify these concepts through step-by-step calculations and explanations. Circuit diagrams included in the chapter improve visual understanding and help students learn how electrical connections work practically. The chapter also explains the importance of proper wiring in homes and industries. Safety devices such as electric fuses and circuit breakers protect appliances from damage caused by excessive current flow. These practical applications make the topic more interesting and relatable for students.
Heating Effect of Electric Current and Electric Power
The heating effect of electric current is another major concept explained in this chapter. When current flows through a resistor, electrical energy converts into heat energy. This principle is used in appliances like electric irons, heaters, toasters, and geysers.
The amount of heat produced depends on current, resistance, and time. This relationship is represented by Joule’s Law of Heating.
H = I^2Rt
Students also study electric power, which measures the rate at which electrical energy is consumed.
P = VI
Electric power is expressed in watts, while electrical energy consumption is commonly measured in kilowatt-hours. The chapter helps students understand electricity bills and energy-efficient appliances used in homes.
The NCERT Exemplar questions focus on practical situations and application-based learning. These questions improve logical thinking and help students prepare for both school exams and competitive assessments. Regular practice also develops confidence in solving numerical problems accurately. This chapter creates a strong foundation for higher studies in physics and electrical science. By understanding current, resistance, power, and energy, students gain useful scientific knowledge that applies to everyday life.