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BiologyClass 10ICSE

What is meant by 'systolic pressure' and 'diastolic pressure'? What are their normal values?

Systolic pressure: The pressure at which the blood leaves the heart through the aorta, during contraction phase. Diastolic pressure: The minimum pressure in the arteries during the relaxation phase of the heart. The normal value of systolic pressure is 120 mm Hg, while the normal diastolic pressure is 80 mm Hg.

BiologyClass 10ICSE

With which human organ systems (or human systems) are the following associated? (i) vena cava (ii) glomerulus (iii) alveoli (iv) villi

Vena cava - Human circulatory Glomerulus - Human excretory Alveoli - Human respiratory Villi - Human digestive

BiologyClass 10ICSE

What are the various components of blood? State their functions.

Following are the various components of blood: Plasma: Transportation of food, carbon dioxide, wastes and salts is carried by Erythrocytes (RBCs): They carry the oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the Leucocytes (WBCs): They fight infections and protect the body from foreign particles, like germs and bacteria. Platelets: They help in the coagulation of blood by releasing the chemicals that clot blood at the site of injury or wound.

BiologyClass 10ICSE

What is hypertension? Why is it caused? What harm can it do?

Hypertension is the other name of high blood pressure. High blood pressure is caused when there is constriction in arteries called arterioles. Arterioles regulate the blood flow through our body. As these arterioles constrict, the heart has to work harder to pump the blood through the smaller space. Due to this, the pressure inside the vessels grows. A very high blood pressure can lead to the rupture of artery and internal bleeding.

BiologyClass 10ICSE

(a) What is lymph? State two major functions of lymph. (b) What is meant by saying that the blood pressure of a person is 120/80?

Lymph is a clear, yellowish, slightly alkaline fluid, which contains white blood cells and the fluid resembles to plasma. Functions of lymph: It helps in the defensive mechanism of the body by killing the foreign body with the help of lymphocytes and making antibodies. It transports nutrients from the tissue cells to the blood, through lymphatic A reading of 120/80 means that the person has a normal blood

BiologyClass 10ICSE

(a) What are the methods used by plants to get rid of their waste products? (b) How are waste products excreted in Amoeba?

Plants to get rid of their waste products by the following methods: The gaseous wastes are removed through stomata in leaves and lenticels in Some of the waste products are excreted into the soil around Some of the waste are removed in the form of gum and In amoeba carbon dioxide is excreted by diffusion through the cell membrane, while excess water and nitrogenous waste like ammonia is removed by the contractile vacuole.

BiologyClass 10ICSE

(a) What are the upper parts of the heart called? (b) What are the lower parts of the heart called? (c) What is the name of blood vessels which connect arteries to veins? (d) (i) Which side of the heart pumps blood into the lungs? (ii) Which side of the heart pumps blood into the entire body (except the lungs

Capillary tubes connect arteries to (i) The right side of the heart pumps blood into the (ii) The left side of the heart pumps blood to the entire body, except the lungs.

BiologyClass 10ICSE

State the differences between artery, vein and capillary.

Arteries Veins Capillaries These are tough, thick and comprises of elastic tubes. Veins are thin-walled and comprises of non-elastic tubes. Capillaries are very thin-walled tubes. They contain a narrow lumen. They contain a wide lumen. Only RBC can pass through lumen. Blood is carried away from the heart to various organs at high pressure. Blood id transported to the heart from various organs at low pressure. Blood is carried from arteries to veins. Valves are absent. Valves are present to prevent backward flow of the blood. Valves are absent. They transport only oxygenated blood (except for the pulmonary artery). They transport only deoxygenated blood (except for the pulmonary vein). They exchange oxygen, carbon dioxide, water and salts between the blood and the surrounding tissues.

BiologyClass 10ICSE

A dialysis machine contains long tubes coiled in a tank containing dialyzing solution: (i) Of what substance are the tubes made? (ii) What does the dialyzing solution contain? (iii) Name the main waste which passes into the dialyzing solution.

The tubes, which are selectively permeable These are made up of cellulose. The dialyzing machine contains water, glucose and The concentration of these components are similar to the components present in the blood. Urea is the main waste that passes into the dialyzing

BiologyClass 10ICSE

(a) How many types of blood vessels are there in the human body? Name them. (b) Why does the heart need valves?

(a) There are three types of blood vessels in the human body namely, arteries, veins and capillaries. (b) The heart needs valves to regulate the flow of blood. It helps in the movement of blood in a single direction.

BiologyClass 10ICSE

What is the liquid part of the blood called? What is the function of platelets in the blood?

Plasma is the liquid part of blood. The main function of the platelets is the clotting of blood. They contain essential chemicals that help in the excessive bleeding.

BiologyClass 10ICSE

Why do some people need to use a dialysis machine? What does the machine do?

Kidneys help in the removal of major waste products like ammonia and urea. These are excreted regularly from our body with the help of kidneys. In the case of kidney failure, these wastes are not excreted and can cause harmful effects to the body. Then the blood is filtered externally by the process of dialysis. In this process the blood is purified externally. The impure blood is taken out of the body. Then in the dialysis machine it is purified and the pureblood is sent back to the body. This process is done periodically, depending on the condition of the patient.

BiologyClass 10ICSE

(a) What job is done by the kidneys? (b) What do kidneys excrete? (c) What is the name of the tubes which connect the kidneys to bladder? (d) What does the bladder in our body do?

Kidneys filter the wastes out of the blood and form the They also help in maintaining the water balance in the body. Kidneys remove urea, other soluble salts and excess water from the These are removed from the blood in the form of urine. The tubes that connect kidneys to bladder are known as The urinary bladder helps in storing the urine until it is forced out of the body through an opening known as the urethra.

BiologyClass 10ICSE

Define excretion. Name the excretory unit of a kidney.

Excretion is the process of removal of waste products from the body. Nephrons are the excretory unit in kidney.

BiologyClass 10ICSE

Match the terms in Column I with their uses in column II Column I Column II (i) Heart (a) Pipes for transport in humans (ii) Arteries and Veins (b) Clotting of blood (iii) Xylem vessels (c) Pumping organ (iv) RBC (d) Water transport in plants (v) Platelets (e) Carrier of oxygen

(i) Heart - Pumping organ (ii) Arteries and Veins – Pipes for transport in humans (iii) Xylem vessels – Water transport (iv) RBC – Carrier of oxygen (v) Platelets – Clotting of blood

BiologyClass 10ICSE

(a) What is transpiration? (b) What do you mean by 'translocation' with respect to transport in plants? (c) Which plant tissue is involved in translocation: xylem or phloem?

The process of evaporation of water to the atmosphere from the leaves of a plant in the form of water vapor is called transpiration. Translocation is defined as the process of transport of food from the leaves to other parts of the Phloem translocates the food prepared in the

BiologyClass 10ICSE

What is phloem tissue? Phloem contains two types of cells joined side by side. Name these two types of cells. State whether these cells are living or dead.

Phloem is a conducting tissue in plants, which helps in the translocation of the food prepared in the leaves to all the other parts of the plant. Sieve tubes and companion cells are components of Phloem tissue. These cells are living cells.

BiologyClass 10ICSE

What is xylem tissue? Name the two kinds of cells in xylem tissue. State whether these cells are living or dead.

Xylem is a conducting tissue in plants, which helps in the translocation of water and minerals. These are absorbed from the soil by the roots of the plants, to transport to various parts of the plant such as stems, leaves and flowers. The two kinds of cells in xylem tissue are xylem vessels and tracheids. These cells are dead cells.

BiologyClass 10ICSE

Fill in the following blanks with suitable words: (a) Gums and resins are the products of plants. (b) Bowman's capsule and tubule taken together make a (c) The organs which extract the nitrogenous wastes from the blood are (d) The extracellular fluid which always flows from body tissues to the heart is called (e) The blood cells make antibodies whereas blood cells help in respiration.

Gums and resins are the waste products of Bowman's capsule and tubule taken together make a nephron. The organs which extract the nitrogenous wastes from the blood are kidneys. The extracellular fluid which always flows from body tissues to the heart is called lymph. The white blood cells make antibodies whereas red blood cells help in

BiologyClass 10ICSE

What is the other name of 'high blood pressure'?

High blood pressure is also known as hypertension.

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