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Why do we feel uncomfortable on a humid day?
We feel uncomfortable on humid day because air is already full of water vapour, so its capacity to hold more moisture is not there. As a result, our body sweat does not evaporate making us uneasy.
Name instrument used to measure the wind speed and to know the direction of wind.
Ans. The wind direction is identified using wind vane and the speed of the wind is measured by wind vane.
What are clouds?
Ans. When the water vapour rises, it starts cooling. As a result, the water vapour condenses causing formation of droplets of water. These droplets get together and form clouds.
Write a note on super cyclone?
Ans. The super cyclone hit the state of Orissa on 28th Oct 1999. During the super cyclone, wind speed reached upto 300km/hr. These winds pushed high wall of water onto the shore, flooding large area along the coast. The homes of the poor fisherman were easily destroyed. More than 10,000 people and large number of animals were killed. Millions were left homeless. There was damage to standing crops also.
Why do astronauts wear special protective space suits?
Ans. Astronauts have to wear special suits as there is no air; hence, no air pressure on the moon. So they have to wear special suits filled with air because if they do not wear them, the counter pressure exerted by the body of the astronauts may lead to the bursting of blood vessels
Discuss how man affected the environment?
Ans. During his development and expansion, man totally ignored the environment. He ruthlessly carried out his activities without considering its impact on the environment. Some of the basic impacts of this expansion are: Deforestation: Trees absorb carbon throughout their lives by the process of photosynthesis. As man evolved, he slowly destroyed the forests. This caused several problems: less absorption of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and more carbon released into air than being absorbed. Pollution: Man is responsible for three kinds of pollution: air, water and land. The burning of fossil fuels and dumping of waste in water bodies are some of the examples of pollution.
How does biosphere effect climate?
Ans. Biosphere has a great impact on the climate because it is closely connected to the atmosphere. When plants harness sun’s energy through photosynthesis, oxygen is released into the atmosphere and carbon dioxide is absorbed. When plants and animals respire, carbon dioxide is added to the atmosphere and oxygen is taken in. Microbes living in soils add nitrous oxide gas to the atmosphere. The burning of biosphere components such as fossil fuels, forests and fields adds greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere. In this way the climate is affected.
Write a short note on water?
Ans. Water is found in many places on earth like on the surface, within rocks below the surface and in the atmosphere. Water travels between different domains of the earth through water cycle. About 70% of the earth’s surface is covered with water and most of it is in the ocean. Only a small portion appear as freshwater which is found in rivers, lakes and groundwater. Freshwater is needed for drinking, farming and washing. Therefore, without water life would not exist.
What are the various uses of land?
Ans. Particular areas of land can be utilised by humans in various ways. It includes residential, institutional, business, industrial, agricultural, forestry, park and other relatively natural land uses. Each of these broader categories can be further subdivided based on the nature and intensity of the activities undertaken.
Discuss the various uses of water?
Ans Water is used for various purposes such as: Commercial water use includes fresh water for motels, hotels, restaurants, office buildings and other commercial facilities. Domestic water use is probably the most important daily use of water for most people. It includes using water at home every day for drinking, food preparation, bathing, washing clothes and dishes, flushing toilets and watering lawns and gardens. Industrial water usage is a valuable resource to the nation's industries for purposes such as processing, cleaning, transportation, dilution and cooling in manufacturing facilities. 4. Irrigation water usage includes artificial application of water to farms, orchards, pasture, and horticultural crops to increase the production.
What do you understand by ecosystem ecology?
Ans. Ecosystem ecology is an integrated study of biotic and abiotic components of an ecosystem and their interactions within an ecosystem framework. The study examines how ecosystems work and relates this to their components such as chemicals, bedrock, soil, plants and animals.
What do you understand by the statement “man modifies his environment”?
Ans. With the passage of time, our society has developed tremendously. Man’s needs and demands increased manifold. As a result he started modifying nature to his own requirement; agricultural land converted to commercial areas, residences and industries; roads became crowded with traffic; smoke from vehicles caused air pollution and the honking of the horns to noise pollution. Hence, man is utilising natural resources at tremendous rate to satisfy his needs.
What are Selvas?
Selvas are dense, evergreen tropical rainforests found mainly in the Amazon Basin of South America. The term “Selvas” is commonly used to describe these thick forests that grow in regions with high temperature and heavy rainfall throughout the year. These forests are characterized by tall trees, thick vegetation, and a multi-layered structure. The trees form a dense canopy that blocks sunlight from reaching the ground, making the forest floor dark and humid. As a result, only certain types of plants can grow at the lower levels. The Selvas are home to a vast variety of plant and animal species, making them one of the most biodiverse ecosystems on Earth. Animals such as monkeys, jaguars, snakes, birds, and insects are commonly found in these forests. The climate of the Selvas is hot and wet, with rainfall occurring almost every day. This continuous supply of moisture supports the growth of evergreen trees that do not shed their leaves at any particular season. Despite their richness in biodiversity, Selvas are sparsely populated because the dense forests make transportation and settlement difficult. Indigenous tribes live in these forests and depend on them for their livelihood. However, deforestation due to human activities like logging, agriculture, and mining is a major threat to Selvas. Protecting these forests is essential for maintaining ecological balance and combating climate change.
Name the largest delta of the world?
Ans. The largest delta in the world is the Sundarbans Delta, formed by the rivers Ganga River and Brahmaputra River along with the Meghna River. It is located in India and Bangladesh and covers a vast area near the Bay of Bengal. The Sundarbans is known for its unique geographical features and rich biodiversity. It is made up of numerous small islands, tidal waterways, mudflats, and mangrove forests. These mangrove forests are specially adapted to survive in saline water and tidal conditions. The Sundarbans is also famous for being the home of the Royal Bengal Tiger, along with many other species of animals, birds, and aquatic life. It is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site due to its ecological importance. The formation of this delta is the result of the deposition of sediments carried by the rivers over thousands of years. When these rivers meet the sea, they slow down and deposit sediments, gradually building up the delta. The delta region is fertile and supports agriculture, especially rice cultivation. However, it is also prone to natural hazards like cyclones and flooding due to its low-lying location. Thus, the Sundarbans Delta is not only the largest delta in the world but also one of the most important ecological regions.
Which river basin is the largest fertile river basin of the world?
The Ganga–Brahmaputra river basin is considered the largest fertile river basin in the world. It covers a vast area across countries like India, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Bhutan. This basin is formed by the combined drainage systems of the Ganga River and the Brahmaputra River along with their numerous tributaries. One of the main reasons for its high fertility is the continuous deposition of alluvial soil brought by these rivers from the Himalayas. This soil is rich in nutrients and ideal for agriculture. The basin also receives adequate rainfall, especially during the monsoon season, which supports farming activities. The flat terrain of the basin allows rivers to flow slowly and deposit sediments, enriching the soil further. Due to these factors, the region supports dense population and intensive agriculture. Major crops like rice, wheat, sugarcane, and jute are grown extensively in this basin. The abundance of water resources also supports irrigation, fisheries, and transportation. This river basin has played a significant role in the development of ancient civilizations and continues to be a lifeline for millions of people today. However, it also faces challenges such as flooding, soil erosion, and pollution, which require proper management and conservation efforts.
What are the main crops of the Ganga–Brahmaputra plain?
Ans. The Ganga–Brahmaputra plain is one of the most fertile regions in the world, mainly due to the rich alluvial soil deposited by rivers like the Ganga River and the Brahmaputra River. This fertile land, along with abundant water supply and favorable climate, supports the growth of a wide variety of crops. The main crops grown in this region include wheat, rice, maize, and sugarcane. Rice is the most important crop, especially in areas with heavy rainfall and sufficient irrigation. It is a staple food for a large population living in this plain. Wheat is another major crop grown mainly during the winter season (Rabi season), particularly in areas with moderate rainfall. Maize is also widely cultivated and is used both as food and fodder. Sugarcane is an important cash crop grown in this region due to the availability of fertile soil and water. Besides these, other crops such as pulses, oilseeds, jute, and vegetables are also grown. The flat land of the plains makes it easy to use modern farming techniques, irrigation systems, and machinery, which further increases agricultural productivity. The presence of rivers ensures a continuous supply of water, making the region highly suitable for agriculture. Due to these favorable conditions, the Ganga–Brahmaputra plain is often referred to as the “food bowl” of India and surrounding regions.
The Amazon basin is located in which continent?
Ans. The Amazon Basin is located in South America. It is one of the largest river basins in the world and is drained by the Amazon River and its numerous tributaries. The basin covers a vast area of about 7 million square kilometers and includes parts of several countries such as Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Bolivia, Ecuador, Venezuela, and Guyana. The Amazon Basin is well known for its dense tropical rainforest, often referred to as the “lungs of the Earth.” This rainforest plays a crucial role in maintaining the global climate by absorbing large amounts of carbon dioxide and producing oxygen. The climate of the Amazon Basin is hot and wet throughout the year, with heavy rainfall and high humidity. This type of climate supports the growth of thick forests and a wide variety of plant and animal species. In fact, the Amazon rainforest is one of the most biodiverse regions on Earth, home to millions of species, many of which are not found anywhere else. The river system of the Amazon Basin is very extensive. The Amazon River itself is one of the longest rivers in the world and carries the largest volume of water. It has numerous tributaries that form a vast network of waterways, which are important for transportation and communication in the region. Human population in the Amazon Basin is relatively low compared to other parts of the world due to dense forests and difficult living conditions. Indigenous tribes have been living in harmony with nature for centuries. However, in recent years, deforestation and human activities like agriculture, mining, and urbanization have threatened this fragile ecosystem. Thus, the Amazon Basin is not only geographically important but also environmentally significant for the entire planet.
What is population density?
Ans. Population density refers to the number of people living in a specific area, usually expressed as the number of persons per square kilometer. It is an important concept in geography because it helps us understand how crowded or sparsely populated a region is. Population density is calculated by dividing the total population of a place by its total land area. For example, if a region has 10,000 people living in an area of 100 square kilometers, the population density would be 100 persons per square kilometer. This measure allows comparisons between different regions or countries. Population density varies greatly across the world due to several factors such as climate, availability of water, natural resources, economic opportunities, and level of development. Areas with fertile soil, moderate climate, and good infrastructure tend to have higher population density. For instance, river valleys like the Ganga plains are densely populated because they offer fertile land for agriculture, availability of water, and better transportation. On the other hand, regions such as deserts, mountains, and polar areas have low population density because they are difficult to live in. Harsh climatic conditions, lack of water, and limited economic activities discourage people from settling there. Understanding population density helps governments in planning resources such as housing, transportation, healthcare, and education. High population density areas may face problems like overcrowding, pollution, and pressure on resources, while low density areas may struggle with lack of development and infrastructure.
The rain forests are depleting. Why?
Ans. The rain forests are located in the developing nations and for the sake of development these nations using their natural resources. That’s why the rain forests are depleting from the surface of the earth. Though various nation and international societies are operating to save these natural forests but it is not enough.
Mention the climate conditions of the Amazon basin.
Ans. The climatic conditions and the weather conditions here are very unique. We can describe them in the following manner: Because of the equatorial location, heavy rain is the part of the day life in these areas. The temperature in these areas remains high through out the year which also because of its location. Because of the heavy rain and high temperature, very unique species of plant and animal nourish here.
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