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Read the following extract from a conduct book for ‘married women’, published in 1912. ‘God has made the female species delicate and fragile both physically and emotionally, pitiably incapable of self-defence. They are destined thus by God to remain in male protection – of father, husband and son – all their lives. Women should, therefore, not despair, but feel obliged that they can dedicate themselves to the service of men’. Do you think the values expressed in this para reflected the values underlying our constitution? Or does this go against the constitutional values?

The values expressed in the above-mentioned para do not reflect the values underlying our Constitution. Our constitution gives fundamental rights to each of its citizens regardless of gender, caste, sex, place of birth and religion. Women are given equal rights as men in our constitution through various Acts.

Social StudiesClass 9CBSE

Here are different opinions about what made India a democracy. How much importance would you give to each of these factors? a. Democracy in India is a gift of the British rulers. We received training to work with representative legislative institutions under the British rule. b. Freedom Struggle challenged the colonial exploitation and denial of different freedoms to Indians. Free India could not be anything but democratic. c. We were lucky to have leaders who had democratic convictions. The denial of democracy in several other newly independent countries shows the important role of these leaders.

Democracy was chosen as the prime value of our nation during the freedom struggle against the British. Yes, with the Indian Councils Act, Indians started participating in the councils and hence, their experiences paved the way for legislative institutions in independent India. Freedom struggle did challenge the colonial exploitation but it worked for democracy by making laws with consensus and not imposing anything on anyone. Our freedom struggle fought a bloodless struggle with tools like ‘Satyagraha’ and ‘Ahimsa.’ These struggles were undertaken to free India from the clutches of the British and give Indians the freedom they deserved.

Social StudiesClass 9CBSE

How did your school celebrate Constitution Day on November 26th? Prepare a brief report.

Students should write their report on their own if they have celebrated Constitution Day on November 26th.

Social StudiesClass 9CBSE

Here are some of the guiding values of the Constitution and its meaning. Rewrite them by matching them correctly. Sovereign The government will not favour any religion Republic People have the supreme right to make decisions Fraternity Head of the state is an elected person Secular People should live like brothers and sisters

Answer. Sovereign People have the supreme right to make decisions Republic Head of the state is an elected person Fraternity People should live like brothers and sisters Secular The government will not favour any religion

Social StudiesClass 9CBSE

Read again the extracts from Nehru’s speech ‘Tryst with Destiny’ and answer the following: a. Why did Nehru use the expression “not wholly or in full measure” in the first sentence? b. What pledge did he want the makers of the Indian Constitution to take? c. “The ambition of the greatest man of our generation has been to wipe every tear from every eye”. Who was he referring to?

Jawahar Lal Nehru in his speech, ‘Tryst with Destiny’ used the expression, ‘not wholly or in full measure’ as for him, nation-building was a challenging task which can’t be achieved overnight. Hence, he wanted nation-building to be a gradual process. Nehru wanted makers of the Indian constitution to take a pledge of dedication to the service of India and her people and to the still larger cause of humanity. Nehru was referring to Mahatma Gandhi, the father of our nation.

Social StudiesClass 9CBSE

Match the following leaders with their roles in the making of the Constitution: Motilal Nehru President of the Constituent Assembly B.R. Ambedkar Member of the Constituent Assembly Rajendra Prasad Chairman of the Drafting Committee Sarojini Naidu Prepared a Constitution for India in 1928

Motilal Nehru Prepared a Constitution for India in 1928 B.R. Ambedkar Chairman of the Drafting Committee Rajendra Prasad President of the Constituent Assembly Sarojini Naidu Member of the Constituent Assembly

Social StudiesClass 9CBSE

Which of these is a provision that a democratic constitution does not have? a. Powers of the head of the state b. Name of the head of the state c. Powers of the legislature d. Name of the country

Name of the head of the state

Social StudiesClass 9CBSE

Which of these was the most salient underlying conflict in the making of a democratic constitution in South Africa? a. Between South Africa and its neighbours b. Between men and women c. Between the white majority and the black minority d. Between the coloured minority and the black majority

A conflict between the coloured minority and the black majority was the most underlying conflict in the making of the South-African constitution.

Social StudiesClass 9CBSE

Here are some false statements. Identify the mistake in each case and rewrite these correctly based on what you have read in this chapter. a. Leaders of the freedom movement had an open mind about whether the country should be democratic or not after independence. b. Members of the Constituent Assembly of India held the same views on all provisions of the Constitution. c. A country that has a constitution must be a democracy. d. Constitution cannot be amended because it is the supreme law of a country.

Leaders of the freedom movement had a consensus that after independence, India will be a democratic nation. Members of the constituent assembly of India held the same views on the basic principles of the Constitution. A country that is a democratic country must have a Constitution. A Constitution can be amended with time and the needs of the citizens.

Social StudiesClass 9CBSE

After reading the example of the reservation order, three students had different reactions to the role of the judiciary. Which view, according to you, is a correct reading of the role of the judiciary? a. Srinivas argues that since the Supreme Court agreed with the government, it is not independent. b. Anjaiah says that the judiciary is independent because it could have given a verdict against the government order. The Supreme Court did direct the government to modify it. c. Vijaya thinks that the judiciary is neither independent nor conformist, but acts as a mediator between opposing parties. The court struck a good balance between those who supported and those who opposed the order.

Answer. Anjaiah says that the judiciary is independent because it could have given a verdict against the government order. The Supreme Court did direct the government to modify it.

Social StudiesClass 9CBSE

A teacher was making preparations for a mock parliament. She called two students to act as leaders of two political parties. She gave them an option: Each one could choose to have a majority either in the mock Lok Sabha or in the mock Rajya Sabha. If this choice was given to you, which one would you choose and why?

Students should choose on their own. A suggestion would be to write for both. However, the majority in Lok Sabha is more powerful, as members of Lok Sabha are directly elected by the people. Hence, to have a majority in the Lok Sabha means that the Prime Minister will be from your party, and that is a powerful position.

Social StudiesClass 9CBSE

Three friends went to watch a film that showed the hero becoming Chief Minister for a day and making big changes in the state. Imran said this is what the country needs. Rizwan said this kind of a personal rule without institutions is dangerous. Shankar said all this is a fantasy. No minister can do anything in one day. What would be your reaction to such a film?

There is no such provision where a man can become a CM for a day. A proper institution is needed for any state to run. Similarly, as a CM, he needs his council to make decisions and administer. One day is not enough to pass laws, as all laws are implemented following a certain procedure.

Social StudiesClass 9CBSE

Why is the Prime Minister in India not directly elected by the people? Choose the most appropriate answer and give reasons for your choice. a. In a Parliamentary democracy, only the leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha can become the Prime Minister. b. Lok Sabha can remove the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers even before the expiry of their term. c. Since the Prime Minister is appointed by the President, there is no need for it. d. Direct election of the Prime Minister will involve a lot of expenditure on the election.

In a Parliamentary democracy, only the leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha can become the Prime Minister. This provision is made so that the leader of a party has a majority before he becomes the PM.

Social StudiesClass 9CBSE

Of all the institutions that we have studied in this chapter, name the one that exercises the powers on each of the following matters. a. Decision on the allocation of money for developing infrastructure like roads, irrigation etc. and different welfare activities for the citizens b. Considers the recommendation of the committee on a law to regulate the stock exchange c. Decides on a legal dispute between two state governments d. Implements the decision to provide relief for the victims of an earthquake

Lok Sabha (Ministry of Finance) Parliament Supreme Court Executive

Social StudiesClass 9CBSE

Match the ministry with the news that the ministry may have released: A new policy is being made to increase the jute exports from the country Ministry of Defence Telephone services will be made more accessible to rural areas Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Public Distribution The price of rice and wheat sold under the Public Distribution System will go down Ministry of Health A pulse polio campaign will be launched Ministry of Commerce and Industry The allowances of the soldiers posted at high altitudes will be increased Ministry of Communications and Information Technology

nswer. A new policy is being made to increase the jute exports from the country Ministry of Commerce and Industry Telephone services will be made more accessible to rural areas Ministry of Communications and Information Technology The price of rice and wheat sold under the Public Distribution System will go down Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Public Distribution A pulse polio campaign will be launched Ministry of Health The allowances of the soldiers posted at high altitudes will be increased Ministry of Defence

Social StudiesClass 9CBSE

Which of the following institutions can make changes to an existing law of the country? a. The Supreme Court b. The President c. The Prime Minister d. The Parliament

The Parliament

Social StudiesClass 9CBSE

Which of the following statements about the judiciary is false? a. Every law passed by the Parliament needs the approval of the Supreme Court b. Judiciary can strike down a law if it goes against the spirit of the Constitution c. Judiciary is independent of the Executive d. Any citizen can approach the courts if her rights are violated

Every law passed by the Parliament needs the approval of the Supreme Court

Social StudiesClass 9CBSE

Who among the following is a part of the political executive? a. District Collector b. Secretary of the Ministry of Home Affairs c. Home Minister d. Director-General of Police

Home Minister

Social StudiesClass 9CBSE

If you are elected as the President of India, which of the following decision can you take on your own? a. Select the person you like as Prime Minister. b. Dismiss a Prime Minister who has a majority in Lok Sabha. c. Ask for reconsideration of a bill passed by both Houses. d. Nominate the leaders of your choice to the Council of Ministers.

Ask for reconsideration of a bill passed by both Houses.

Social StudiesClass 9CBSE

Consider the following facts about a country and decide if you would call it a democracy. Give reasons to support your decision. a. All the citizens of the country have the right to vote. Elections are held regularly. b. The country took loans from international agencies. One of the conditions for giving loans was that the government would reduce its expenses on education and health. c. People speak more than seven languages, but education is available only in one language, the language spoken by 52 per cent of people in that country. d. Several organisations have given a call for peaceful demonstrations and nationwide strikes in the country to oppose these policies. The government has arrested these leaders. e. The government owns the radio and television in the country. All the newspapers have to get permission from the government to publish any news about the government’s policies and protests.

From this statement, we can understand that it is a democratic country where citizens are allowed to vote and choose their government. While taking a loan from international agencies, the country is compromising on the welfare of the people by reducing their expenditure on education and health, which is totally undemocratic. The provision of making education accessible in only one language is undemocratic. It is the fundamental right for people to have an education, and it is the government’s duty to provide them with the language they know. The right to assemble and peacefully demonstrate is a basic right of an individual. Hence, arresting the protestors is undemocratic. When the government owns the radio and television, it is debarring people from availing their right to a free press. It is undemocratic.

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