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Political ScienceClass 10CBSE

Which of the following tasks are not performed by the Election Commission? (a) Preparing the Electoral Rolls. (b) Nominating the candidates. (c) Setting up polling booths. (d) Supervising the Panchayat elections

(d)

Political ScienceClass 10CBSE

Which of the following resembles most a direct democracy? (a) Discussions in a family meeting. (b) Election of the class monitor. (c) Choice of a candidate by a political party. (d) Decisions taken by the Gram Sabha.

(d)

Political ScienceClass 10CBSE

Mention the different methods to amend the constitution.

By a simple majority: Amendments can take place by a resolution passed by simple majority in both the houses of parliament. It creates the most flexible features of the It can be amended/passed by simple majority of members present and voting in both the houses. Its examples are changing the boundaries of states, creation of new states, fixing the number of judges in Supreme Court, etc. By two third majority in both the houses of Parliament: Resolution should be passed by a two-third majority of the members present and voting in both the houses of parliament. Amendment resolution can be moved in any house and if passed by majority of total membership and 2/3 majority of members present and voting it is sent to the other If the same procedure takes place in the other house also, the bill is id) Many times Rajya Sabha has rejected the amendment bills passed by Lok Sabha, i.e. bill on Panchayats and Nagarpalikas. By two-third majority in both the houses of Parliament and approval of half of the state legislature: Amendment should be passed by both the houses of Parliament with majority of total member strength and of 2/3 majority of those present and voting. The resolution should be ratified by at least half of the state

Political ScienceClass 10CBSE

“The Constitution of India is a living document”. Explain.

The Constitution of India is a living It can be enumerated in the following terms: It has continuously been responding to the various circumstances from time to Our constitution came into force on January 26, 1950, since then the government is supposed to work within its framework The constitution makers made the best efforts to accommodate the various changes as per needs and aspirations of society. It is open to interpretations and the ability to respond to the changing It protects the rule of law in favour of democratic set The constitution responds to various experiences Though many changes have taken place, still the constitution works in an effective

Political ScienceClass 10CBSE

Did this situation arise practically and when?

Yes, this situation arose in the period between 1970 and

Political ScienceClass 10CBSE

What can be done if any clash arises between the judiciary and the government on amendments?

In case of clash, the Parliament had to insert an amendment underlining one particular interpretation as authentic one.

Political ScienceClass 10CBSE

Read the passage (NCERT Textbook, page 208) given below carefully and answer the questions that follow: A number of amendments are a product of different interpretations of the Constitution given by the judiciary and the government of the day. When these clashed, the Parliament had to insert an amendment underlining one particular interpretation as the authentic one. It is a part of the democratic politics that various institutions would interpret the Constitution and particularly the scope of their own powers in a different manner. Many times, the Parliament did not agree with the judicial interpretation and therefore, sought to amend the Constitution to overcome the ruling of the judiciary. In the period between 1970 and 1975 this situation arose frequently. What are the amendments

Amendments are the products of different interpretations of the Constitution given by the judiciary and the government of the day.

Political ScienceClass 10CBSE

What is the provision for these amendments?

Consent of half of the Simple majority of the state legislature.

Political ScienceClass 10CBSE

When the consent of states is necessary in Parliament?

If any amendment is related to the distribution of powers between the center and the states and the articles related to the representation. Then the consent of states is necessary in parliament.

Political ScienceClass 10CBSE

Read the passage NCERT Textbook, page 204) given below carefully and answer the questions that follow: For some articles of the Constitution, special majority is not sufficient. When an amendment aims to modify an article related to distribution of powers between the States and the central government, or articles related to representation, it is necessary that the States must be consulted and that they give their consent. We have studied the federal nature of the Constitution. Federalism means that powers of the States must not be at the mercy of the central government. The Constitution has ensured this by providing that legislatures of half the States have to pass the amendment bill before the amendment comes into effect. Apart from the provisions related to federal structure, provisions about fundamental rights are also protected in this way. We can say that for some parts of the Constitution, greater or wider consensus in the polity is expected. This provision also respects the States and gives them participation in the process of amendment. At the same time, care is taken to keep this procedure somewhat flexible even in its more rigid format: consent of only half the States is required and simple majority of the State legislature is sufficient. Thus, the amendment process is not impracticable even after taking into consideration this more stringent condition. 30. What is federalism?

Federalism means that the powers of the state must not be at the mercy of the central

Political ScienceClass 10CBSE

How has the Keshavanand ruling contributed to the evolution of the constitution?

In 1973, Keshavanand ruling contributed to maintain the basic structure of the constitution: It limited the power of parliament that the basic structured could not be It allows parliament to amend any and all parts of the constitution within this limitation only.It places the judiciary as a final decision maker if any amendment violates the basic structure and its constituents.

Political ScienceClass 10CBSE

What are the technical amendments? Explain with the examples.

Technical amendments are only clarifications, explanations, and modifications in the provisions of constitution, which make no substantial change to the provisions. Its examples are: The 15th amendment to increase the age of retirement of high court judges from 60 to 62 years. To increase salaries of the judges of high court and supreme court by 55th Provisions for reservation of seats for SC’s and ST’s in The amendment in Article 74(1) to bind the President on the advice of council of

Political ScienceClass 10CBSE

What do you mean by political and economic justice?

Political Justice-It provides that all citizens should enjoy the equal political rights without any discrimination as well as they should be free to participate in the Economic Justice-It provides maximum welfare to the people by reducing the gaps between extremely rich or poor, so that everybody could earn livelihood by equal opportunities of employment.

Political ScienceClass 10CBSE

The constitution of India maintains unity and integrity of the country. Justify the statement.

Because: India has been declared a secular state Provision of single One constitution 22 languages have been recognized by the constitution

Political ScienceClass 10CBSE

Mention any two factors which make the constitution of India a living document.

The required modifications can be made as per the changing needs and aspiration of society. This is flexible also to be interpreted and

Political ScienceClass 10CBSE

Why is the 42nd amendment called the mini constitution?

Because: It attempted to override the ruling of supreme court in the case of Keshavanand This imposed some restrictions on the power of courts to do judicial Lok Sabha’s tenure was extended from five years to six This made changes to the preamble’s seventh schedule of constitution and 53 other

Political ScienceClass 10CBSE

What does the rigid as well as flexible constitution stand for?

A constitution is a living document which must be amended if required as per needs and aspirations of people as well as must be protected from unnecessary and frequent changes.

Political ScienceClass 10CBSE

What does the ‘Ratification by States’ stand for amendments in constitution?

If any amendment aims to modify federal structure or fundamental rights or representation of states in parliament, this amendment bill is necessary to be passed by at least half of the state legislature to ensure a wider consensus, because it affects the states directly.

Political ScienceClass 10CBSE

Mention the constitutional development in France.

France is getting continuously constitutional changes after the revolution and Nepoleonic period: The first French Republic took place in Second Republic commenced in 1848 with new Third time it commenced in 1875 and again in Fifth Republic took place in 1958

Political ScienceClass 10CBSE

Who enjoys the power to amend the constitution and how?

Parliament of India under Article 368 enjoys the power to amend the constitution by way of addition, variation or repeal any provision by the procedure laid down in Article 368: By simple majority in By special majority in both the houses of parliament (Article 368). By special majority legislatures of half of the

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