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Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

Social divisions based on _________ are peculiar to India.

Social divisions based on caste are peculiar to India.

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

Which among the following statements about India’s Constitution is wrong? It a. prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion. b. gives official status to one religion. c. provides to all individuals freedom to profess any religion. d. ensures equality of citizens within religious communities.

(b) gives official status to one religion.

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

Consider the following statements on the meaning of communal politics. Communal politics is based on the belief that: A. One religion is superior to that of others. B. People belonging to different religions can live together happily as equal citizens. C. Followers of a particular religion constitute one community. D. State power cannot be used to establish the domination of one religious group over others. Which of the statements is/are correct? a. A, B, C, and D b. A, B, and D c. A and C d. B and D

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

In India, seats are reserved for women in a. Lok Sabha b. State legislative assemblies c. Cabinets d. Panchayati Raj bodies

(d) Panchayati Raj bodies

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

When we speak of gender divisions, we usually refer to: a. Biological differences between men and women b. Unequal roles assigned by society to men and women c. Unequal child sex ratio d. Absence of voting rights for women in democracies

(b) Unequal roles assigned by society to men and women

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

Mention any two constitutional provisions that make India a secular state.

The fundamental right to the freedom of religion clearly states that one has a right to practise, profess and propagate any religion. Prohibition of discrimination on the basis of religion is one of the tenets of the constitution under the fundamental right to equality.

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

What is the status of women’s representation in India’s legislative bodies?

There are more than 10 lakh elected women representatives in rural and urban local bodies. Women’s organisations and activists have been demanding a similar reservation of at least one-third of seats in the Lok Sabha and State Assemblies for women. A bill with this proposal has been pending before the Parliament for more than a decade. But there is no consensus over this issue among all the political parties. The bill has not been passed.

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

State two reasons to say that caste alone cannot determine election results in India.

The two reasons that say that caste alone cannot determine election results in India are as follows: In India, no parliamentary constituency has a clear majority of one single caste. So, every candidate and party needs to win the confidence of more than one caste and community to win elections. No party wins the votes of all the voters of caste or community. When people say that caste is a ‘vote bank’ of one party, it usually means that a large proportion of the voters from that caste vote for that party.

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

State how caste inequalities are still continuing in India.

According to the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), the following evidence reflects the present caste inequalities in India: The average economic status (measured by criteria like monthly consumption expenditure) of caste groups still follows the old hierarchy – the ‘upper’ castes are best off, the Dalits and Adivasis are worse off, and the backward classes are in between. Although every caste has some poor members, the proportion living in extreme poverty (below the official ‘poverty line’) is much higher for the lowest castes and much lower for the upper castes, with the backward classes once again in between.

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

State different forms of communal politics with one example each.

The different forms of communal politics are: Communalism takes the form of religious prejudices, stereotypes of religious communities and a belief in the superiority of one’s religion over other religions. E.g., militant religious groups. The quest for political dominance of one religion over another in a community. It takes a form of majoritarianism. For example, rift between political parties based on religion. Political mobilisation on religious lines is another frequent form of communalism. Example – During elections, hate speeches come to the surface, revealing the communalism. Communal violence is another form of communalism in politics. For example, riots on the basis of religious sentiments.

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

Mention different aspects of life in which women are discriminated or disadvantaged in India.

The women in India are discriminated or disadvantaged in the following ways: Literacy – The literacy rate for women is 65.46 per cent, against 82.14 per cent for men. This shows that since independence, the gap between the ratio of men and women with respect to literacy still cannot be filled. Higher education – When you compare the percentage of boys and girls opting for higher studies after school, it is lower for girls as they tend to drop out after schools. This is because parents do not wish to spend their resources on a girl’s education, which is quite expected in boys’ cases. Highly paid jobs – The percentage of women working in high-paying jobs is still smaller than that of men. On an average, an Indian woman works one hour more than an average man every day. Yet, much of her work is not paid and therefore often not valued. The Equal Remuneration Act, 1976 states that equal wages should be paid for equal work. However, in almost all areas of work, from sports and cinema to factories and fields, women are paid less than men, even when both do exactly the same work. Sex-ratio – Sex Ratio of India is 107.48, i.e., 107.48 males per 100 females in 2019.

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

Studies on political and social inequalities in democracy show that A. democracy and development go together. B. inequalities exist in democracies. C. inequalities do not exist under a dictatorship. D. dictatorship is better than democracy.

inequalities exist in democracies.

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

In the context of assessing democracy which among the following is odd one out? Democracies need to ensure: A. free and fair elections B. the dignity of the individual C. majority rule D. equal treatment before the law

Majority rule

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

In the context of democracies, which of the following ideas is correct – democracies have successfully eliminated? A. conflicts among people B. economic inequalities among people C. differences of opinion about how marginalised sections are to be treated D. the idea of political inequality

the idea of political inequality

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

Following allegation of killing of three civilians in Gandwara in a fake encounter by Jammu and Kashmir police, an enquiry has been ordered.

Allegations of killing three civilians in Gandwara by the Jammu and Kashmir police in a fake encounter raises questions on the police force of the state. The challenge here is to control the power of the police and other authoritative officials.

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

A large number of farmers are committing suicide in different states of India.

Answer: A large number of farmers are committing suicides in different states of India because of the economic inequality in the country. Farmers in villages grow crops on a small piece of land, and if the weather conditions do not stay stable, the farmer has to suffer serious loss. He is further unable to repay the loan taken from the moneylender or the bank and gets overburdened by the loan. These cases have increased in the country over the past few years, and the poor farmers take such severe steps like committing suicide. The government should provide these farmers with cheap fertilizers and seeds and provide them with better irrigation methods.

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

Identify the challenges to democracy in the following descriptions. Also, suggest policy/institutional mechanism to deepen democracy in the given situations: a) Following a High Court directive, a temple in Orissa that had separate entry doors for Dalits and non-Dalits allowed entry for all from the same door.

The biggest challenge to democracy, in this case, is if such practices continue in the country, there is a threat that discrimination based on caste, colour and creed cannot be eliminated. If people indulge in such practices, legal action can be taken against them. The Constitution clearly states that discrimination of any kind will be considered a crime and a big threat to the peace of the country. In such cases, serious actions must be taken against the people so that the communal harmony of the country does not gets disturbed.

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

Give arguments to support or oppose the following assertions: a. Industrialised countries can afford democracy but the poor need dictatorship to become rich. b. Democracy can’t reduce inequality of incomes between different citizens. c. The government in poor countries should spend less on poverty reduction, health, education and spend more on industries and infrastructure. d. In a democracy, all citizens have one vote, which means that there is an absence of any domination and conflict.

Industrialised countries can afford democracy, but the poor need dictatorship to become rich – There is no relationship between democracy and the wealth of the nation. The economic development of the nation is dependent upon the resources, the policies and the openness of the government to attract investment. If the dictatorship could have brought wealth in the nation, countries like Nigeria would be having all rich people, which is not the case in reality. Yes, democracy cannot reduce income inequality as there are sectional communities which have different professions. Income equality is not a value of democracy as democracy brings social and political equality. People have the right to vote and can access fundamental rights, but income is self-generated, and that depends on their ability to work. The statement is untrue. For any country to be developed, the focus should be on human resources. The country is made up of its people, and if the citizens are uneducated, ill and under-sufficient, the country cannot grow. The human development report in itself judges the development of the country by the education and health of the citizen along with the income. Hence, it is important for a country to invest in health and education infrastructure. The statement is partly true. Yes, democracy offers one vote to each of its citizens. However, it is not a fool-proof system that does not invite any conflicts. Take the example of India, which has a diverse diaspora. The social divisions in the society are reflected in the form of riots, protests and strikes. Hence, no democracy can eliminate social divisions

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

What are the conditions under which democracies accommodate social diversities?

Social diversities can be accommodated by focusing on all the communities of the society. The majority and minority communities should be given equal attention. Democracy is not the rule of the majority. In democratic countries, both the majority and minority work together to achieve progress and development of the nation. It is equally important to understand that the rule of the majority is not expressed in terms of religion or languages. Any person or group may become a majority in a democracy.

Social StudiesClass 10CBSE

How does democracy produce an accountable, responsive and legitimate government?

The government can be accountable by framing and developing various laws and policies in which citizens can hold the government responsible if any of those policies and laws are not implemented or are held against the welfare of the citizens. The government can be responsible when people start taking action when the government becomes insensitive about their aspirations. People can hold protests, carry out campaigns and organise rallies and force the government to respond to them. A democratic government is a legitimate government, as it is elected by citizens and enjoys the confidence and trust of the citizens.

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